# Read the first page of Guns, Germs, and Steel by Jared Diamond Read the opening of Guns, Germs, and Steel by Jared Diamond free, no signup. How geography, crops, animals, and disease shaped the balance of world power. - Page: https://uncovered.ink/read/guns-germs-and-steel-jared-diamond - Genre: World history - Year: 1997 - ISBN: 9781448180202 - Read it blind (cover and title hidden): https://uncovered.ink/?b=9781448180202&s=read-page - Buy: https://bookshop.org/a/125786/9781448180202 - Borrow: https://search.worldcat.org/search?q=9781448180202 ## The opening @@CHAP@@ PROLOGUE @@CHAP@@ Yali’s Question WE ALL KNOW THAT HISTORY HAS PROCEEDED VERY differently for peoples from different parts of the globe. In the 13,000 years since the end of the last Ice Age, some parts of the world developed literate industrial societies with metal tools, other parts developed only nonliterate farming societies, and still others retained societies of hunter-gatherers with stone tools. Those historical inequalities have cast long shadows on the modern world, because the literate societies with metal tools have conquered or exterminated the other societies. While those differences constitute the most basic fact of world history, the reasons for them remain uncertain and controversial. This puzzling question of their origins was posed to me 25 years ago in a simple, personal form. In July 1972 I was walking along a beach on the tropical island of New Guinea, where as a biologist I study bird evolution. I had already heard about a remarkable local politician named Yali, who was touring the district then. By chance, Yali and I were walking in the same direction on that day, and he overtook me. We walked together for an hour, talking during the whole time. Yali radiated charisma and energy. His eyes flashed in a mesmerizing way. He talked confidently about himself, but he also asked lots of probing questions and listened intently. Our conversation began with a subject then on every New Guinean’s mind—the rapid pace of political developments. Papua New Guinea, as Yali’s nation is now called, was at that time still administered by Australia as a mandate of the United Nations, but independence was in the air. Yali explained to me his role in getting local people to prepare for self-government. After a while, Yali turned the conversation and began to quiz me. He had never been outside New Guinea and had not been educated beyond high school, but his curiosity was insatiable. First, he wanted to know about my work on New Guinea birds (including how much I got paid for it). I explained to him how different groups of birds had colonized New Guinea over the course of millions of years. He then asked how the ancestors of his own people had reached New Guinea over the last tens of thousands of years, and how white Europeans had colonized New Guinea within the last 200 years. The conversation remained friendly, even though the tension between the two societies that Yali and I represented was familiar to both of us. Two centuries ago, all New Guineans were still ‘living in the Stone Age.’ That is, they still used stone tools similar to those superseded in Europe by metal tools thousands of years ago, and they dwelt in villages not organized under any centralized political authority. Whites had arrived, imposed centralized government, and brought material goods whose value New Guineans instantly recognized, ranging from steel axes, matches, and medicines to clothing, soft drinks, and umbrellas. In New Guinea all these goods were referred to collectively as ‘cargo.’ Many of the white colonialists openly despised New Guineans as ‘primitive.’ Even the least able of New Guinea’s white ‘masters,’ as they were still called in 1972, enjoyed a far higher standard of living than New Guineans, higher even than charismatic politicians like Yali. Yet Yali had quizzed lots of whites as he was then quizzing me, and I had quizzed lots of New Guineans. He and I both knew perfectly well that New Guineans are on the average at least as smart as Europeans. All those things must have been on Yali’s mind when, with yet another penetrating glance of his flashing eyes, he asked me, ‘Why is it that you white people developed so much cargo and brought it to New Guinea, but we black people had little cargo of our own?’ It was a simple question that went to the heart of life as Yali experienced it. Yes, there still is a huge difference between the lifestyle of the average New Guinean and that of the average European or American. Comparable differences separate the lifestyles of other peoples of the world as well. Those huge disparities must have potent causes that one might think would be obvious. ## Books with a similar feel - [At Home by Bill Bryson](https://uncovered.ink/read/at-home-bill-bryson.md) - [The Murder of King Tut by James Patterson & Martin Dugard](https://uncovered.ink/read/the-murder-of-king-tut-james-patterson-and-martin-dugard.md) - [The Disappearing Spoon by Sam Kean](https://uncovered.ink/read/the-disappearing-spoon-sam-kean.md) - [The Boy Who Harnessed the Wind by William Kamkwamba, Bryan Mealer & Anna Hymas](https://uncovered.ink/read/the-boy-who-harnessed-the-wind-william-kamkwamba-bryan-mealer-and-anna-hymas.md) - [Hidden Figures by Margot Lee Shetterly](https://uncovered.ink/read/hidden-figures-margot-lee-shetterly.md) - [Why We Sleep by Matthew Walker](https://uncovered.ink/read/why-we-sleep-matthew-walker.md) --- Source: Uncovered (https://uncovered.ink). A short sample shown for reading and discovery. 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